The Assyrian sun god Shamash was named for Asshur’s father Shem, the worship of whom extended east of Iran into the Amu Darya (Oxus) river valley between the Pamir and Hindu Kush mountains of Afghanistan where was established Sham i Bhala (Shambhala) meaning sun elevated, known to the people of the Indus Valley Civilization as Bhalika, later known as Balkh and then eastern Khorasan (meaning where the sun rises) during the Persian rule of the Sassanids.